18 Systematic Uncertainties
A realistic analysis is almost never limited to purely statistical fluctuations. One needs a clean way to introduce, constrain, and propagate systematic effects so that they enter the model transparently and remain testable.
The structural outline is straightforward: nuisance parameters, covariance matrices, constrained fits, and simple propagation schemes.
18.0.1 Companion notebook
The notebook for this chapter shows the simplest combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties and leaves room for more serious covariance studies later.