:root {
  --book-ink: #18262f;
  --book-ink-soft: #42545f;
  --book-muted: #687984;
  --book-paper: #ffffff;
  --book-canvas: #f4f6f7;
  --book-line: #d9e0e3;
  --book-line-strong: #bcc9ce;
  --book-teal: #0f6972;
  --book-teal-dark: #094b52;
  --book-teal-soft: #e7f1f1;
  --book-coral: #c7472f;
  --book-coral-soft: #f8ece9;
  --book-gold: #b97817;
  --book-gold-soft: #fbf3e4;
  --book-sky-soft: #b8d3f4;
  --book-blue: #2a5ea8;
  --book-shadow: 0 18px 42px -34px rgba(24, 38, 47, 0.5);
  --book-serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Georgia, serif;
  --book-sans: "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Segoe UI", system-ui, sans-serif;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  color: var(--book-ink);
  background: var(--book-canvas);
  font-family: var(--book-serif);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  line-height: 1.72;
}

a {
  color: var(--book-teal);
  text-decoration-color: rgba(15, 105, 114, 0.32);
  text-underline-offset: 0.16em;
}

a:hover,
a:focus {
  color: var(--book-teal-dark);
  text-decoration-color: currentColor;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6,
.sidebar,
.toc-actions,
.page-navigation,
.chapter-number,
.book-button,
.book-kicker {
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
}

h1,
h2,
h3 {
  color: var(--book-ink);
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

h1 {
  max-width: none;
  font-size: clamp(2.3rem, 5vw, 4rem);
  line-height: 1.02;
}

h2 {
  margin-top: 2.8rem;
  padding-top: 0.35rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);
  line-height: 1.14;
}

h3 {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

p,
li {
  max-width: none;
}

main.content {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: none;
  min-width: 0;
  padding-top: 2.2rem;
  padding-bottom: 5rem;
}

.page-columns > *,
main.content > *,
main.content section,
main.content div,
main.content figure {
  min-width: 0;
}

main.content img,
main.content video,
main.content iframe,
main.content canvas,
main.content svg {
  max-width: 100%;
}

main.content pre,
main.content code,
main.content .sourceCode {
  max-width: 100%;
}

main.content pre,
main.content .sourceCode {
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.math.display,
.MathJax_Display {
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
}

.page-columns .content {
  background: var(--book-paper);
  box-shadow: var(--book-shadow);
}

#quarto-content.page-columns {
  column-gap: 0;
}

#title-block-header {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.quarto-title .title {
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.quarto-title .subtitle {
  max-width: 36ch;
  color: var(--book-muted);
  font-family: var(--book-serif);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.chapter-number {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
  color: var(--book-coral);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.sidebar {
  background: #eef2f3;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--book-line);
}

.sidebar-title {
  color: var(--book-ink);
  font-weight: 750;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.sidebar-item .sidebar-item-text {
  color: var(--book-ink-soft);
}

.sidebar-item .sidebar-link.active {
  color: var(--book-teal-dark);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.sidebar-item-section > .sidebar-item-container > .sidebar-item-text {
  color: var(--book-ink);
  font-weight: 750;
}

.sidebar nav[role="doc-toc"] ul > li > a.active,
.sidebar nav[role="doc-toc"] ul > li > ul > li > a.active {
  color: var(--book-teal);
  border-left-color: var(--book-teal);
}

.quarto-secondary-nav-title {
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
}

.page-navigation {
  margin-top: 4rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--book-line);
}

.nav-page .nav-page-text {
  color: var(--book-teal-dark);
  font-weight: 650;
}

blockquote {
  margin: 1.6rem 0;
  padding: 0.3rem 0 0.3rem 1.25rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--book-teal);
  color: var(--book-ink-soft);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

table {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 1.6rem 0 2rem;
  border-color: var(--book-line);
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  table-layout: fixed;
}

thead {
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--book-teal);
}

tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f7f9fa;
}

th,
td {
  padding: 0.72rem 0.8rem;
  vertical-align: top;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

figcaption {
  color: var(--book-muted);
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.book-home #title-block-header,
body:has(.book-landing) #title-block-header {
  display: none;
}

.book-home main.content > h1.unnumbered {
  display: none;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  body.book-home main#quarto-document-content > section.level1 {
    display: block !important;
    grid-column: body-content-start / page-end !important;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1120px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    min-width: 0;
  }
}

.book-landing {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.5fr) minmax(230px, 0.65fr);
  gap: clamp(1.8rem, 4vw, 3.2rem);
  align-items: end;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  min-height: 62vh;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(3rem, 9vh, 6rem) clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem) 3rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  background:
    linear-gradient(var(--book-paper), var(--book-paper)) padding-box,
    linear-gradient(90deg, var(--book-teal), var(--book-coral), var(--book-gold)) border-box;
  border-top: 5px solid transparent;
}

.book-landing-main {
  min-width: 0;
  container-type: inline-size;
}

.book-landing h1 {
  max-width: none;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 9cqw, 4.5rem);
  line-height: 0.98;
  overflow-wrap: normal;
}

@container (max-width: 520px) {
  .book-landing h1 {
    font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 10.5cqw, 3rem);
  }
}

.book-kicker {
  margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--book-coral);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.book-landing-subtitle {
  max-width: none;
  margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
  color: var(--book-teal-dark);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.5vw, 2rem);
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.book-landing-lead {
  max-width: none;
  color: var(--book-ink-soft);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
}

.book-landing-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.book-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 2.8rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--book-line-strong);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: var(--book-paper);
  color: var(--book-teal-dark);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.book-button:hover,
.book-button:focus {
  border-color: var(--book-teal);
  color: var(--book-teal-dark);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.book-button-primary,
.book-button-primary:hover,
.book-button-primary:focus {
  border-color: var(--book-teal);
  background: var(--book-teal);
  color: #fff;
}

.book-author {
  padding-top: 1.2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
}

.book-author-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem 0.8rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.book-author span {
  color: var(--book-coral);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.book-author-meta a {
  color: var(--book-teal-dark);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.book-author strong {
  display: block;
  margin: 0.35rem 0 0.25rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.book-author p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--book-muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.book-principles {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto 4rem;
  padding: 0 clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  background: var(--book-paper);
}

.book-principles > div {
  padding: 1.8rem 1.5rem 2rem 0;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--book-line);
}

.book-principles > div + div {
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
}

.book-principles > div:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.book-principles span {
  color: var(--book-coral);
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.book-principles h2 {
  margin: 0.35rem 0 0.45rem;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
}

.book-principles p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--book-muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.book-section-heading {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.book-route,
.book-roadmap,
.book-note,
.book-derivation{
  margin: 1.75rem 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--book-blue);
  background: var(--book-sky-soft);
  box-shadow: none;
}
.chapter-opening,
.chapter-summary,
.next-chapter,
.notebook-card,
.book-applet {
  border: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--book-paper);
  box-shadow: var(--book-shadow);
}

.book-route {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 2rem 0;
}

.book-route > div,
.book-route > section {
  padding: 1.25rem 1.4rem;
}

.book-route > div + div,
.book-route > section + section {
  border-left: 1px solid var(--book-line);
}

.book-route h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.book-note {
  margin: 1.75rem 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--book-gold);
  background: var(--book-gold-soft);
  box-shadow: none;
}

.book-note p:last-child,
.chapter-opening p:last-child,
.chapter-summary p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.book-roadmap {
  margin: 2rem 0 2.5rem;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.book-roadmap section {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 62px 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 1.15rem 1.3rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--book-line);
}

.book-roadmap section:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.book-roadmap span {
  color: var(--book-coral);
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.book-roadmap h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.2rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.book-roadmap p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--book-muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.chapter-opening {
  margin: 1rem 0 2.2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.6rem;
  border-left: 5px solid var(--book-coral);
  background: var(--book-coral-soft);
  box-shadow: none;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
}

.chapter-opening span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
  color: var(--book-coral);
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.analysis-pipeline {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  margin: 2rem 0;
  padding: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  list-style: none;
}

.analysis-pipeline li {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 1.3rem 1rem 1.4rem;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.analysis-pipeline li:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.analysis-pipeline span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--book-coral);
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.analysis-pipeline strong {
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.analysis-pipeline p {
  margin: 0.45rem 0 0;
  color: var(--book-muted);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.48;
}

.figure-panel {
  margin: 2rem 0;
  padding: 1.2rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--book-teal);
  background: #f9fbfb;
}

.figure-panel figure {
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.figure-panel img {
  display: block;
  width: min(100%, 880px);
  max-height: 660px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.figure-panel > p:last-child {
  margin: 0.8rem auto 0;
  color: var(--book-muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.result-gallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 1.6rem 0 2rem;
}

.result-gallery figure {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  background: #fbfcfc;
}

.result-gallery img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 290px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.book-applet {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 2rem 0;
  padding: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--book-teal);
  background: #fbfcfc;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.book-applet > h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.book-applet .observablehq {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  margin: 0.35rem 0;
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
}

.book-applet .cell,
.book-applet .cell-output,
.book-applet .cell-output-display,
.book-applet .book-fit-output {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
}

.book-applet svg,
.book-applet canvas {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.book-applet form,
.book-applet label,
.book-applet input,
.book-applet button {
  max-width: 100%;
}

.book-applet .observablehq--inspect {
  display: none !important;
}

.book-applet label {
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.book-applet input[type="range"] {
  accent-color: var(--book-coral);
}

.book-applet button {
  border: 1px solid var(--book-teal);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: var(--book-teal);
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.book-fit-output {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.book-fit-plots {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.35fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.book-fit-plots figure {
  min-width: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.7rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  background: #fff;
}

.book-fit-plots svg {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.book-fit-readout {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.55rem 1.2rem;
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
  padding-top: 0.9rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  color: var(--book-ink-soft);
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.book-fit-readout .fit-best {
  color: #147d64;
}

.book-fit-readout .fit-truth {
  color: var(--book-blue);
}

.chapter-summary {
  margin: 3rem 0 2rem;
  padding: 1.4rem 1.6rem;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--book-teal);
  background: var(--book-teal-soft);
}

.chapter-summary h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
  border: 0;
}

.next-chapter {
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.next-chapter a {
  display: block;
  padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
  color: var(--book-teal-dark);
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
  font-weight: 750;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.next-chapter a::after {
  content: " →";
  color: var(--book-coral);
}

.notebook-card {
  margin: 1.75rem 0;
  padding: 1.3rem 1.4rem;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--book-blue);
  background: #f1f5fa;
}

.notebook-card h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  color: var(--book-ink);
}

.notebook-card p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.notebook-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.notebook-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 2.7rem;
  padding: 0.6rem 0.9rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--book-line-strong);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--book-teal-dark);
  font-family: var(--book-sans);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.notebook-link-primary {
  border-color: var(--book-blue);
  background: var(--book-blue);
  color: #fff;
}

@media (max-width: 1180px) {
  .book-applet {
    margin-right: 0;
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  .book-fit-plots {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  body {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  main.content {
    padding-top: 1.2rem;
  }

  .book-landing {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    min-height: 0;
    padding-top: 3rem;
  }

  .book-principles,
  .result-gallery,
  .book-route {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  table {
    display: block;
    overflow-x: auto;
    table-layout: auto;
  }

  .book-principles > div,
  .book-principles > div + div {
    padding: 1.2rem 0;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  }

  .book-principles > div:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .book-route > div + div,
  .book-route > section + section {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--book-line);
    border-left: 0;
  }

  .analysis-pipeline {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }

  .analysis-pipeline li:nth-child(2) {
    border-right: 0;
  }

  .analysis-pipeline li:nth-child(-n + 2) {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  }

  .result-gallery img {
    height: auto;
    max-height: 360px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .analysis-pipeline {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .analysis-pipeline li,
  .analysis-pipeline li:nth-child(2) {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--book-line);
  }

  .analysis-pipeline li:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .book-roadmap section {
    grid-template-columns: 42px 1fr;
  }

  .book-applet {
    padding: 0.8rem;
  }

  .book-fit-plots figure {
    padding: 0.2rem;
  }
}